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        <ol>
<li>jQuery库中的<code>$()</code>是什么?<code>$(function(){})</code>的作用?</li>
<li>简述HTTP协议.</li>
<li>html页面中<code>DOCTYPE</code>的作用</li>
<li>css优先级计算方式</li>
<li>两栏布局,左边固定宽,右栏随窗口的大小变化,至少两种思路</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="解答"><a href="#解答" class="headerlink" title="解答"></a>解答</h3><h4 id="第一题"><a href="#第一题" class="headerlink" title="第一题"></a>第一题</h4><p>答:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>$()</code>等同于<code>jQuery()</code>,通过提供的选择器检索任何DOM元素并且通过这些元素创建一个新的jQuery对象.</li>
<li><code>$(function(){})</code>是<code>$(document).ready(function(){})</code>的简写,用来DOM加载完成之后执行一系列预先定义好的函数.DOM节点加载完毕指的的是页面上所有的标签都已经加载就绪(但不是所有的资源，比如图片，音频，视频等等),脚本文件尽量放在body最后.</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="拓展-详解浏览器渲染页面过程"><a href="#拓展-详解浏览器渲染页面过程" class="headerlink" title="拓展  详解浏览器渲染页面过程"></a>拓展  详解浏览器渲染页面过程</h5><p><img src="http://assets.qipo.net/%E2%95%AB%E2%95%A9%E2%95%98%E2%94%A4%E2%95%9D%E2%95%99%E2%95%98%E2%95%AA.jpg" alt></p>
<p>1.解析HTML文件，创建DOM树<br>自上而下，遇到任何样式（link、style）与脚本（script）都会阻塞（外部样式不阻塞后续外部脚本的加载）。<br>2.解析CSS<br>优先级：浏览器默认设置&lt;用户设置&lt;外部样式&lt;内联样式&lt;HTML中的style样式；<br>特定级：id数<em>100+类或伪类数</em>10+tag名称*1<br>3.将CSS与DOM合并，构建渲染树（renderingtree）<br>DOM树与HTML一一对应，渲染树会忽略诸如head、display:none的元素<br>4.布局和绘制，重绘（repaint）和重排（reflow）<br>重排：若渲染树的一部分更新，且尺寸变化，就会发生重排；<br>重绘：部分节点需要更新，但不改变其他集合形状。如改变某个元素的颜色，就会发生重绘。<br>附：<br>1.重绘和重排何时会发生：<br>（1）增加或删除DOM节点；<br>（2）display:none（重排并重绘）；visibility:hidden（重排）；<br>（3）移动页面中的元素；<br>（4）增加或修改样式；<br>（5）用户改变窗口大小，滚动页面等。<br>2.如何减少重绘和重排以提升页面性能：<br>（1）不要一个个修改属性，应通过一个class来修改<br>错误写法：div.style.width=”50px”;div.style.top=”60px”;<br>正确写法：div.className+=” modify”;<br>（2）clone节点，在副本中修改，然后直接替换当前的节点；<br>（3）若要频繁获取计算后的样式，请暂存起来；<br>（4）降低受影响的节点：在页面顶部插入节点将影响后续所有节点。而绝对定位的元素改变会影响较少的元素；<br>（5）批量添加DOM：多个DOM插入或修改，应组成一个长的字符串后一次性放入DOM。使用innerHTML永远比DOM操作快。（特别注意：innerHTML不会执行字符串中的嵌入脚本，因此不会产生XSS漏洞）。</p>
<h4 id="第二题"><a href="#第二题" class="headerlink" title="第二题"></a>第二题</h4><p>答:<br>HTTP协议,中文翻译为超文本传输协议,所有www文件必须遵守这个标准,HTTP协议是一个应用层协议,是客户端与服务器请求和应答的标准.</p>
<h4 id="第三题"><a href="#第三题" class="headerlink" title="第三题"></a>第三题</h4><p>答:<br>DOCTYPE 一般写于HTML文档的最前端,指明其文档类型,让浏览器用什么标准去解析渲染页面.如果不写,只能按照浏览器默认的标准去解析渲染页面,浏览器之间默认的标准是不一样的.</p>
<h4 id="第四题"><a href="#第四题" class="headerlink" title="第四题"></a>第四题</h4><p>答:<br>优先级:<code>!important</code> &gt; <code>行内style</code> &gt; <code>ID</code> &gt; <code>类</code> &gt; <code>标签</code> &gt; <code>继承</code> &gt; <code>浏览器默认样式</code><br>特定级:在同一CSS规则中,默认其优先级为0,出现一次标签加1,出现一次类加10,出现一次id加100,如果优先级相同,后面的设置有效.</p>
<h4 id="第五题"><a href="#第五题" class="headerlink" title="第五题"></a>第五题</h4><p>答:</p>
<p>1.</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>两栏布局<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">style</span>&gt;</span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">     <span class="selector-class">.a1</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">       <span class="selector-tag">width</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:200px</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">       height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">       background: red;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">       float: left;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">     &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">     <span class="selector-class">.a2</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">       height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">       margin-left: 200px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">       background: blue;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">     &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">     <span class="comment">/*让a1脱离标准流,不在单独占一行,a1没有占位置,那么a2就会到a1的位置单独占一行,用margin把a1的位置空出来.*/</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">    </span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">style</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"a"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"a1"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"a2"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2.</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>两栏布局<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">style</span> <span class="attr">media</span>=<span class="string">"screen"</span>&gt;</span><span class="undefined"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">      <span class="selector-class">.b</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">        <span class="selector-tag">position</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:relative</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">      <span class="selector-class">.b1</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">        background: red;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">        <span class="selector-tag">width</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:200px</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">        height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">      <span class="selector-class">.b2</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">        background: blue;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">        height: 100px;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">        <span class="selector-tag">position</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:absolute</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">        <span class="selector-tag">top</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:0</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">        <span class="selector-tag">left</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:200px</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">        <span class="selector-tag">right</span><span class="selector-pseudo">:0</span>;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">      &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="css">      <span class="comment">/*b2没有设置宽,但是可以看出这个已经符合题目要求了,以往学的定位,top和buttom设置一个,left和right设置一个,但是这里设置了left和right.*/</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="undefined">    </span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">style</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">'b'</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">class</span>=<span class="string">"b1"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span 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